Mathematics

System of Homogeneous Linear Equations

Homogeneous Linear Equations:-

a1 x + b1 y = 0
a2 x + b2 y = 0
is called a system of homogeneous linear equations in x and y.

System of Homogeneous Linear Equations 1

Then the above system can be written as AX = 0

Definitions

Coefficient Matrix :-

In the system AX = 0, A is called as coefficient matrix.
solution :-
If x= x1, y = y1 satisfy the given system AX = 0 then

solution of AX=0

Trivial Solution :-
For the system AX = 0, X is clearly a solution. Null matrix 0 is called zero solution or trivial solution of AX = 0.

–> If the coefficient matrix A is non-singular matrix then the system AX = 0 has only zero solution.

–> If system AX = 0 has atleast 1 non-zero solution, then coefficient matrix A is singular. This can also be written as follows:
If there exists (x, y) not all zeros, such that
a1 x + b1 y = 0
a2 x + b2 y = 0
then x, y can be eliminated from the above equations.

eliminant-is-determinant-of-A

–> If X1 and X2 are any two solutions of the system AX = 0, then for any two scalars a1 and a2, a1X1 + a2X2 is also a solution.

–> If AX = 0 has atleast 1 non-zero solution then the system has infinite number of solutions.

Homogeneous Linear Equations in x, y, z

a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = 0
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = 0
a3 x + b3 y + c3 z = 0 is called a system of homogeneous linear equations in x, y, z.

for-a-system-of-homogeneous-linear-equations-in-x-y-z

Then the above system can be written as AX = 0.

Remarks :-

  1. If A is non-singular then 0 solution is the only solution of AX = 0.
  2. If AX = 0 has atleast one non-zero solutions then A is singular. In other words if there exists x, y, z not all zeros such that a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = 0
    a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = 0 then x, y, z can be eliminated. The eliminant is the |A| = 0.
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